ESR1 and polycystic ovary syndrome: In conclusion, our study determined that changes in the 5mC and 5hmC protein levels along with alterations in the epigenetic regulators such as DNMTs and HDACs, as well as estrogen receptors α and β, and the reduction of serum estradiol levels are related to the PCOS pathogenesis which can be recovered via ASC and ASC-CM administration.