As expected, we found that exogenous cav1 markedly upregulated the expressions of PINK1, Parkin, Atg5, p-ULK1/ULK1 and LC3II/I, whereas downregulated the expression of p62 in the T2DM mice (Fig. 6A, C-H). The gene discussed is ULK1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.