The objective was to determine if there was an interaction between avelumab and PD-L1 status (positive, negative, or unknown) for OS based on the standard definition of PD-L1 expression used in the trial and validated by the Ventana SP263 PD-L1 assay manufacturer (PD-L1-positive status if at least one of the following three criteria were met: at least 25% of TC stained for PD-L1, at least 25% of IC stained for PD-L1 if more than 1% of the tumor area contained IC, or 100% of IC stained for PD-L1 if no more than 1% of the tumor area contained IC). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.