TNF and urinary bladder neoplasm: It has been shown that Vδ2 T cells, can be activated by BCG and may play a role in bladder tumor control.22 23 Activation of Vδ2 T cells by Ty21a in vitro was observed for all the patients, with induction of 10–50% triple positive TNF-α+IFN-γ+CD107a+ effector cells (figure 3A).