While our analysis of human tumor-infiltrating Foxp3− Tconv cells revealed a fraction of CCR8+ Tconv cells under steady-state conditions, it will be valuable to examine whether such cells are expanded upon immunotherapy with either novel Treg cell-depleting therapies, or anti-CTLA-4 therapy, the therapeutic efficacy of which is postulated to in part depend upon depletion or blockade of the suppressive function of Treg cells (79, 80), and indeed in the context of non-Treg cell-targeted immunotherapy approaches. This evidence concerns the gene CCR8 and neoplasm.