It has been reported that pro-inflammatory macrophages (cluster 7) and IFN-primed macrophages (cluster 12) have anti-tumor effects, whereas immune-regulatory macrophages (cluster 6), lipid-associated macrophages (cluster 1), and pro-angiogenic macrophages (cluster 2) have pro-tumor effects.25,30,34–40 The effect of proliferating macrophages (cluster 14) in mice is controversial, and further investigation is required. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is neoplasm.