KLK3 and metastatic prostate carcinoma: Results of 159 prostatic biopsy samples from 85 patients who had elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and were naive to treatment demonstrated that enhanced DHEA utilization was more frequently found in biopsies from patients with metastatic prostate cancer, as indicated by the generation of potent androgens and prostatic 3βHSD1 activities (Figure 1D and Supplemental Table 1; supplemental material available online with this article; https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI171199DS1).