The cooperative action of c-MYC and HIF-1 facilitates the transcription of genes associated with aerobic glycolysis, including HK2, PKM2, LDHA, and ABC transporters, thereby augmenting the expression of the corresponding proteins and promoting the establishment of the Warburg effect, ultimately hastening tumor progression (Dang et al., 2008; Liu, Jin & Fan, 2021; Wen et al., 2022). Here, PKM is linked to neoplasm.