VDR and tuberculosis: In South Africa, the VDR polymorphisms, Fok1, Bsm1, Apa1, and Taq1 resulted in the F‐b‐A‐T haplotype, which was seen as a protective factor for TB.[14] The b‐A‐T haplotype showed protection against HIV, while the B‐A‐t haplotype was associated with TB susceptibility in HIV‐1‐infected individuals.[14, 180] This indicates that due to the linkage of these polymorphisms, any changes in one of these polymorphisms could alter disease outcomes.