INS and Insulin resistance: Zhang et al. (22) established insulin resistant rats induced by high fat diets, after 4 weeks and 8 weeks administration, they found ursolic acid could markedly reduce the levels of fasting serum insulin, HOMA-IR, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and improve the insulin sensitive index, which means ursolic acid could improve insulin resistance which is the main reason for prediabetes.