Other signaling pathways/axes, such as PI3‐K and MAPK signaling pathway,24, 63 HMGB1/TLR2/NOX2/autophagy axis65 and IFNG/IFR1/HHLA2 axis,76 also regulate TAMs to act on HCC, offering a new direction for future anti‐tumor therapy. This evidence concerns the gene HHLA2 and hepatocellular carcinoma.