Table 1 presents a comparison between the baseline characteristics of the two groups, including data on age, BMI, smoking history, alcohol and coffee consumption, hypertension, diabetes, number of pregnancies and deliveries, menopause status, pelvic inflammation, overall bladder condition, anxiety, use of psychotropic drugs, presence of other types of cystitis, urinary leukocyte count, as well as CD117, P2X3R, NGF, TrkA, CRP, NLR, ESR, ALT, AST, Scr, and PCT levels. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.