In macrophages, ZEB1’s functions vary depending on the context; for instance, in tumor-associated macrophages, it induces both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes; in macrophages infiltrating injured tissues, it expedites the transition of macrophages from a pro-inflammatory phenotype to an anti-inflammatory one; and in cytomegalovirus-infected macrophages, it promotes dedifferentiation, loss of archetypal functions, and the acquisition of stem cell-like traits29–31. Here, ZEB1 is linked to neoplasm.