In mice with T1DM, the BM has also been reported to have reduced numbers of osteoblasts and higher concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines with defective homing of BM-derived progenitor cells.49 Few comparative studies of the BM niche in people with T1DM are available, although one reported extensive fatty infiltration, microvascular rarefaction, decreased numbers of hemopoietic progenitor cells, and increased pro-apoptotic factors on CD34+ cells.50 This evidence concerns the gene CD34 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.