Some of these signaling pathways are implicated in the development and progression of multiple cancer types, including the MAPK signaling pathway (61), PPAR signaling pathway (62), calcium signaling pathway (63,64), and cAMP signaling pathway (65); other pathways generally relevant to sustaining proliferative signaling (e.g. cell cycle (66)), evading growth suppressors (e.g. p53 signaling (67,68)), and activation of invasion and metastasis (e.g. focal adhesion (69) and ECM-receptor interaction (70)) were identified as common pancancer signatures (68) (Figures 3B and 3C). Here, TP53 is linked to cancer.