ACE and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The included articles (for summarized results related to cough, refer to Multimedia Appendix 3 [26-60]) covered the following diagnoses: COPD, asthma, obstructive airway disease (OAD), influenza or influenza-like illness, respiratory tract infection (RTI), bronchial carcinoma (BC), community-acquired pneumonia, COVID-19, dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), differential diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, heart failure, and adverse effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.