INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Facing the daunting task of trying to imitate a functioning pancreas, people with type 1 diabetes must perform complex and relentless self-care activities designed to keep glucose levels in a safe, predefined target range to avoid both hyper- and hypoglycemia (by calculating and administering insulin doses matched to carbohydrate intake, balanced with physical activity and hormonal changes, among other factors affecting glycemic levels).