Because TILs were associated with response to atezolizumab plus carboplatin, we developed multiplex-immunofluorescence assays to evaluate tumor-specific (pan-CK), PD-L1, and MHC-I expression, as well as effector (CD8) and helper (CD4) T-cell subsets (eFigure 9A-9D in Supplement 2). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.