In CSCs, overexpression of the transcription factor Nanog, in coordination with Oct-4, Sox-2, Bmi-1 and other complexes, enhanced the characteristic expression of CSCs and activated their self-renewal, metastasis, invasion, angiogenesis and drug resistance, thereby reducing tumor cell apoptosis (Najafzadeh et al., 2021). Here, SOX2 is linked to neoplasm.