Vascular/endothelial-specific inflammatory markers indicative of endothelial cell activation (Gearing and Newman, 1993; Newman et al., 1993; Eikemo et al., 2004; Videm and Albrigtsen, 2008) were also found elevated after peritonitis (Figure 1E), either in short (VEGF), or longer term (soluble VCAM-1; soluble E-selectin). Here, VEGFA is linked to peritonitis.