Cytolysin-producing Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus gallinarum, for example, have been associated with alcoholic liver disease (Duan et al., 2019), NASH (Yuan et al., 2019), and autoimmune hepatitis (Bogdanos and Sakkas, 2018), respectively. Here, PRF1 is linked to autoimmune hepatitis.