ALB and Cognitive impairment: Whereas populations with cognitive impairment also exhibit features of peripheral inflammatory activation, data from a cohort study of 2,479 patients ≥60 years of age in the United States showed that white blood cell counts (WBC), neutrophil counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, and neutrophil-to-albumin ratios in the peripheral blood of populations with cognitive impairment were significantly higher than those of normal populations (Li W. et al., 2023).