Among several FOX genes implicated in human brain development (FOXG1, FOXC2, FOXL2, FOXP1, and FOXP2) (Lehmann et al., 2003; Golson and Kaestner, 2016), FOXG1 and FOXR1 will be highlighted here for their roles in the pathogenesis of microcephaly. The gene discussed is FOXR1; the disease is microcephaly.