Studies in cancer models have demonstrated that overexpression of FOXG1 i) inhibited the FOXO/SMAD pathway (which facilitates cortical neuron differentiation), resulting in a reduction in both CDKN1A (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A) and cyclin B1 expression, and ii) decreased the proportion of cells in the G2 phase (Wang et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene CDKN1A and cancer.