Variousstudies have established the crucial participation of hepatic macrophages,comprising resident KCs and migrant monocyte-derived macrophages,in the development of NASH.152 The activationof KCs is a crucial component of tumor development during the preliminaryphases of carcinogenesis induced by chemicals.153 Upon the formation of primary tumors, it has been foundthat there exists a significant inflow of tumor-associated macrophages,which are involved in the promotion of HCC.154. This evidence concerns the gene TBCE and hepatocellular carcinoma.