Finally, further analysis of MRPL48 mRNA expression between HBV, HCV, and NASH (Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis)-related HCC and control samples was conducted in the GEO database, and we observed remarkably elevated MRPL48 levels in HBV- and NASH-associated HCC samples, but not in HCVs (Fig. 2F–H). This evidence concerns the gene MRPL48 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.