Both TNF receptor superfamily member 12 A (Tnfrsf12a), which may be involved in positive regulation of the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway and regulation of wound healing32, and Serpinb9, which may be related to oxidation-reduction reactions33, were upregulated in influenza epithelial cells only and not observed in CoV2 infected mice (Fig. 8a and Supplementary Data 8). Here, SERPINB9 is linked to influenza.