TWIST1 and glioblastoma: As MMP2 and MMP9 are conserved downstream targets of the JICD1/SMAD3-TWIST1 axis (Figs 2A, 4D), we further analyzed the correlation between the mRNA expression of JAG1 and JICD1/SMAD3-TWIST1 downstream signaling molecules (MMP2 and MMP9) in IDH wild-type GBM patients (Fig. 6C, D).