A recent prospective cohort study involving 86 patients investigated potential HLA associations from patients with AE following HSE versus patients with HSE who did not develop autoimmune encephalitis, healthy controls and anti-NMDAR AE not related to HSE.147 The absence of the HLA-A*02 allele was deemed a risk factor for developing subsequent AE following HSE (4 of 21, 19%) versus HSE patients without autoimmune encephalitis (42 of 65, 65%) and healthy Spanish controls (2005 of 4335, 46.25%) but not in the control anti-NMDAR AE group (21 of 36, 58.33%). Here, HLA-A is linked to herpes simplex encephalitis.