In the Swiss HIV Cohort Study a low CD4:CD8 ratio was not associated with increased risk of anal, lung, prostate and liver cancers [27], whereas the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) showed an association of low CD4 and CD8 ratio and the risk of lung, anal, and colorectal cancers in addition to the higher risk for the ADM non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma [30]. Here, CD4 is linked to liver cancer.