The level of secreted tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) decreased after hLF exposure.75 TNF-α plays a crucial role in the regulation of pro-inflammatorycytokine secretion and macrophage differentiation providing more effectiveprotection of the organism against infections.76 Therefore, the consumption of fresh milk is extremely importantin the case of infants since it allows preserving the beneficial propertiesof the product. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.