There was also a significant (p=0.008) increase in the proportion of CD163+TAMs in all tumor areas expressing TIM-3 after NAC in the DF group compared to the untreated, DF group (Figure 4C), Taken together these two findings suggest that NAC leads to TIM-3 upregulation by existing CD163+ TAMs in the DF group and/or the recruitment of TIM-3-expressing TAMs into the stroma in the DF group. Here, CD163 is linked to neoplasm.