SD, standard deviation; EVALUATE-HF, Effect of Sacubitril-Valsartan vs Enalapril on Aortic Stiffness in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction; LIFE-HF, LCZ696 In Hospitalized Advanced Heart Failure; PARADIGM-HF, Prospective Comparison of ARNi With ACE-I to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure; PARALLEL-HF, Prospective comparison of ARNI with ACE inhibitor to determine the noveL beneficiaL trEatment vaLue in Japanese Heart Failure. Here, ACE is linked to advanced heart failure.