Several studies using CNT hydrogels showed not only did carbon improve the electrical conductivity of the hydrogel but in animal models improved the cardiac function after infarction, especially when compared to hydrogels absent of carbon nanomaterials57, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85 The versatility of tissue engineering also allows for the integration of growth factor, and when combined with graphene oxide to deliver vascular endothelial growth factor, which ultimately improves contractile performance, and tissue vascularization.86 The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is infarction.