PLS3 and spinal muscular atrophy: PLS3 has been shown to play a role in fundamental cellular processes, including cell migration, cell-cell contact and endocytosis, which further explain how PLS3 contributes to cancer metastasis, cardiovascular defects, and spinal muscular atrophy (Hagiwara et al., 2011; Brun et al., 2014; Wottawa et al., 2017; Garbett et al., 2020; Pan et al., 2020).