Whilst the evidence around the effect of glucose lowering on vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes is mixed (275, 276), certain classes of diabetic agents including metformin, GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors, have been demonstrated to improve mediate vascular aging through improving endothelial function and arterial stiffness, independent of glucose control (277–279). The gene discussed is DPP4; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.