IGF1 and Alzheimer disease: Given that accumulation of abnormal Aβ peptide is a hallmark of AD, when autophagy is deregulated, AD progresses because functioning autophagy reduces neuropathology as seen by molecular markers like Beclin-1, atg7, Lamp-1, Lamp-2, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) being expressed.13, 14, 15mTOR complex major is correlated with removing Aβ proteins via regulating the primary signaling pathway PI3k/AKt, GSk-3, AMPk, and IGf-1.15, 16