BECN1 and Alzheimer disease: In the hippocampus, LC3-II-positive autophagosomes are upregulated as well as the BECN1/Beclin 1 secretion which activates the Aβ peptides clearing in AD-like models.15Furthermore, after the transplant of BMMSCs, a variety of cytokines are released within the local microenvironment through both autocrine and paracrine signaling mechanisms.18