CAT and cholestasis: Cholestasis is related to decreased activity of antioxidant systems specified by reduced hepatic glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), and increased formation of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) (Pastor et al., 1997 ▶; Grattagliano et al., 2014 ▶).