IGF1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Most recently, Xu et al. conducted a global proteomics analysis of serum samples obtained from patients with T1D at the baseline and 1 year after verapamil or placebo treatment revealed that verapamil blunted the decrease of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) protein expression by increasing β-cell IGF-1 signaling and activating the IGF-1 receptor.