GCG and type 2 diabetes mellitus: While for T2D management, drugs that mimic the dual action of two main incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptides (GIP) receptor agonists (RAs) have shown significant benefits for glucose control, weight reduction, and positive effects on β-cell function and possible β-cell preservation (Kutoh, 2011; Min and Bain, 2021).