Galectin-1 (GAL-1) has a wide range of biological activities e.g. interaction with immune cells and the association observed between GAL-1, soluble immune markers, and T regulatory (Treg) cells may indicate a role for GAL-1 in the pathophysiology of children with T1D and, to some extent, also in children with CeD. This evidence concerns the gene LGALS1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.