DCs treated with IRT5 showed reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in AChR-specific lymphocytes, accompanied by upregulation of arginase-1, RA-producing gene aldh1a2, IL-10 and TGF-β, indicating enhanced DC tolerance and induction of Tregs, which demonstrated protective effects60,140. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.