Coculture with HUVEC determined, in both DU145 and PC3 cells, an impressive upregulation of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory genes, especially BCL2, CCL21, CCL22, CCR1, CSF3, FASL, IL1B, IL4 and NOS2 (Fig. 6A, C) and a consistent upregulation of prostate cancer driver genes, that included DAXX, FASN, HMGCR, IL6, MKI67, PDPK1, PES1, SOX4 and SREFB1 (Fig. 6B). Here, CCR1 is linked to prostate cancer.