CCR1 and neoplasm: Contact with the endothelium significantly upregulates PC cell expression of the anti-apoptotic gene, BCL2, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and their receptors, especially CSF3, IL1β, IL4, IL6, CCL21, CCL22, CCR1, NOS2, which drives multiple oncogenic pathways [72] and FASLG, which may help to maintain tumor cells in a state of immune privilege by inducing apoptosis of anti-tumor immune effector cells [73].