Epstein–Barr virus infection is associated with several cancers, including non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer.34 Several researches demonstrated that Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen 1, latent membrane protein (LMP) 1 and LMP2 could elicit antigen-specific T cells and induce favorable anti-tumor efficacy.35,36 With Epstein–Barr virus envelope proteins in a therapeutic Epstein–Barr virus cancer vaccine, the anti-tumor activity was further improved.37 Although vaccines for preventing HPV infection are currently available, a therapeutic HPV vaccine remains unexplored. This evidence concerns the gene ERVW-1 and cancer.