The overexpression of the TGFβs genes in the TME comparing to the NK, as well as the TGFβ/Smads pathway genes in the TME comparing to the tumor, may result in an immunosuppressive effect in the space surrounding the tumor and may have an antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effect on non-neoplastic cells present within the TME. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.