Several studies have showed that oxidized low-density lipoprotein and lipid peroxidation products trigger ER stress and the production of UPR markers, featured by observations of GRP78 localization in ApoE-/- mouse vascular cells and atherosclerotic lesions (3, 8) and in the plasma of people with metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis (39). Here, APOE is linked to metabolic disease.