In our study, supplementation with capsaicin ameliorated leptin resistance and adipose tissue weight gain, whereas no modification in plasma insulin and glucose levels were observed (Table 2), suggesting that capsaicin intake may lead to improvements in WD-fed ApoE -/- mice with hypercholesterolemia and hyperleptinemia by increasing BAT energy expenditure. This evidence concerns the gene INS and familial hypercholesterolemia.