In our study, supplementation with capsaicin ameliorated leptin resistance and adipose tissue weight gain, whereas no modification in plasma insulin and glucose levels were observed (Table 2), suggesting that capsaicin intake may lead to improvements in WD-fed ApoE -/- mice with hypercholesterolemia and hyperleptinemia by increasing BAT energy expenditure. Here, APOE is linked to familial hypercholesterolemia.