As depicted in Fig. 1A, compared to the control group, the CHD group exhibited lower POSTN concentrations in both GS and AF (2.27 ± 0.368 ng/mL vs 2.746 ± 0.564 ng/mL, P < 0.001; 1.646 ± 0.409 vs 2.217 ± 0.574 ng/mL, P < 0.001, respectively). This evidence concerns the gene POSTN and atrial fibrillation.