PTGS2 and benign prostatic hyperplasia: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is regarded as an autoimmune disorder characterized by preponderance of inflammatory cells [15] and increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-17, IL-1 IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α), and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) in prostate tissue [16].