To further validate the involvement of IL34+CAFs in promoting Tregs infiltration and impacting tumor growth and metastasis of CD8+ T cells, we utilized lentiviral-mediated overexpression of IL34 in CAFs (Supplementary Figs. 4, 11, 12) and mixed them with mouse tumor cells to establish a mouse model of HCC. This evidence concerns the gene IL34 and neoplasm.