Finally, in strong support of a critical role for GRAF1-dependent mitophagy in the pathological progression of human disease, we found that GRAF1 phosphorylation at PINK1/Parkin-dependent sites was dysregulated in cardiac samples from patients diagnosed with either hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy (HCM or DCM) relative to age and sex matched controls (Fig. 5o, Fig. S3p, see Table S2 for individualized patient data). This evidence concerns the gene PINK1 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.