Another example in which, following X-ray irradiation of ultra-small Au NPs modified with responsive peptide (Tat-R-EK) consisting of three build blocks (Au@Tat-R-EK NPs), overgenerated ROS lead to protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, which are supposed to be closely linked to tumour volume suppression and increased survival in orthotopic transplanted LM3 liver tumor bearing nude mice, was provided by Ding and colleagues (Fig. 7) [32]. The gene discussed is TAT; the disease is neoplasm.