PINK1 and Parkinson disease: While this study did not demonstrate the specific mechanism or identify the ceramide species responsible for inducing mitochondrial defects in their model, a separate study observed similar results in both a Pink1-related PD model in flies and Pink1-deficient patient-derived fibroblasts where they showed that ceramide accumulation exacerbated the effects of Pink1 deficiency by reducing β-oxidation and inhibiting ceramide accumulation rescued the Pink1-related PD phenotype (Vos et al., 2021).